Africa is known for its vast landscapes, rich cultures, and rapidly growing populations. But amid the bustling metropolises and densely populated regions, a handful of countries stand out for their remarkably small populations. These nations may be small in numbers, but they boast breathtaking natural beauty, unique histories, and compelling challenges.
Here’s a look at Africa’s ten least populated countries, according to the World Population Review:
1. Seychelles – 108,263 People (Global Rank: 197th)
The smallest African nation by population, Seychelles is a tropical paradise famed for its stunning beaches, vibrant marine life, and conservation efforts. Tourism and fisheries drive its economy, but balancing growth with environmental sustainability remains a key challenge.
2. São Tomé and Príncipe – 235,137 People (Global Rank: 187th)
Nestled in the Gulf of Guinea, this island nation is rich in colonial history and lush landscapes. Cocoa production remains its economic backbone, and efforts to balance modernization with environmental conservation continue to shape its future.
3. Western Sahara – 593,408 People (Global Rank: 172nd)
A disputed territory in North Africa, Western Sahara’s population is shaped by its vast desert environment and a largely nomadic lifestyle. Political uncertainty continues to affect its economic and social development.
4. Cape Verde – 601,973 People (Global Rank: 171st)
An archipelago off Africa’s northwest coast, Cape Verde thrives on tourism, remittances, and service industries. However, its limited natural resources and vulnerability to climate change pose ongoing challenges.
5. Comoros – 861,384 People (Global Rank: 163rd)
Situated in the Indian Ocean, Comoros faces economic struggles due to over-reliance on agriculture and susceptibility to natural disasters. Investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure are key to sustainable growth.
6. Djibouti – 1,146,108 People (Global Rank: 160th)
Despite its small population, Djibouti holds immense geopolitical importance due to its strategic location. The country is a hub for international military bases and trade, but ensuring social and economic equity remains a priority.
7. Eswatini – 1,217,098 People (Global Rank: 159th)
A landlocked kingdom with deep-rooted traditions, Eswatini struggles with economic disparity and high unemployment. Diversifying its industries and strengthening public services are vital for future stability.
8. Mauritius – 1,301,978 People (Global Rank: 157th)
One of Africa’s most successful economies, Mauritius has transformed itself through smart governance, education, and economic diversification. It’s a global hub for finance, technology, and tourism.
9. Equatorial Guinea – 1,738,819 People (Global Rank: 152nd)
Despite being oil-rich, Equatorial Guinea’s wealth remains unevenly distributed. Tackling economic inequality and improving social infrastructure are critical for its progress.
10. Guinea-Bissau – 2,178,487 People (Global Rank: 148th)
Known for its cultural diversity and colonial past, Guinea-Bissau faces political instability and economic struggles. However, with a small population, targeted reforms could drive long-term development.
These nations may be small in numbers, but each has a unique story, rich heritage, and potential for growth. Their journeys highlight the complexities of governance, sustainability, and economic resilience in Africa.
